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Changes in business, triggered by global competition and technological innovations, have led to remarkable innovations in the use of financial and nonfinancial information in organizations. The new environment demands more relevant cost and performance information on organization activities, process... अधिक

Managers can view the development of their integrated cost and performance measurement systems as a journey through four sequential stages, from broken systems to integrated systems that serve both external and internal constituencies. This chapter describes a four-step model of cost system migratio... अधिक

Although today some companies have characteristics of the broken systems in Stage I, most are operating with Stage II systems. Even with excellent design, standard Stage II cost systems can have serious limitations for costing processes, products, customers, and providing timely feedback to front-li... अधिक

Employees need an appropriate mixture of financial and nonfinancial measurements--especially cost, quality, yields, and cycle time--or processes under their control. This chapter describes how standard costing systems can be made more timely and responsive in providing feedback on financial expenses... अधिक

How have Japanese and U.S. companies used financial measurement systems, like kaizen costing and pseudo-profit centers, which are meant to provide direct financial feedback to employees, as part of their continuous improvement efforts? This chapter illustrates several innovative approaches to develo... अधिक

Properly constructed activity-based costing (ABC) systems provide more accurate cost information about business activities and processes, and about the products, services, and customers served by these processes. ABC systems focus on organizational activities as the key element for analyzing cost be... अधिक

Virtually all Stage III activity-based cost (ABC) systems start by estimating activity cost driver rates from historical data. However, ABC should not be thought of solely as an historical accounting or general ledger system. ABC systems should be used proactively to estimate the costs of activities... अधिक

The activity-based costing (ABC) model provides managers with a more accurate economic map of organizational spending and activities. How can managers benefit from this information? Activity-based management (ABM) accomplishes its objective through two complementary applications: operational and str... अधिक

Many Activity-Based Management (ABM) practitioners focus only on operational ABM. They leave an important weapon unused when they ignore strategic ABM. This chapter introduces strategic activity-based management, which modifies the demand for organizational activities to enhance profitability. Focus... अधिक

Analysis reveals that many demands for organizational resources arise not only from products but also from customers and distribution and delivery channels. When we have even a rough economic map of our customer profitability, we have enormous opportunities for profit improvement. This chapter cover... अधिक

Large opportunities for cost savings can come from upstream operations. By understanding the costs associated with ordering, receiving, inspecting, moving, storing, and paying for materials, companies can make better decisions in choosing the lowest total cost suppliers, not just the lowest price su... अधिक

While ABC (activity-based costing) originated in manufacturing companies, many service organizations today are obtaining great benefits from this approach as well. Applying ABC to service organizations requires a keen appreciation of costing for committed resources. This chapter illustrates why mana... अधिक

What advances and enhancements can be made in activity-based cost (ABC) systems to extend their usefulness, application, and impact? How can organizations move from their episodic Stage II systems to wide-scale organizational implementation, where ABC systems become fully integrated into the ongoing... अधिक

Today, many companies are investing not only in stand-alone Stage III ABC (activity-based costing) systems, but in enterprise-wide systems (EWS) as well. EWS can provide a company with an integrated set of operating, financial, and management systems. This chapter describes how to integrate ABC and ... अधिक

When managers have access to integrated Stage IV systems, they can use their ABC (activity-based costing) model to provide information for important, ongoing managerial processes, including budgeting, what-if analysis, and transfer pricing. This chapter builds on the vision for the future outlined i... अधिक

Explores how a cost system can help support a firm's decision to change strategies. In the process, the students are introduced to a simple activity-based cost system. Siemens Electric Motor Works found itself facing an increasingly competitive environment and so made a decision to move from mass pr... अधिक

Explores how a cost system can help support a firm's decision to change strategies. In the process, students are exposed to a simple activity-based cost system. Also examines Siemens policy for transferring products between sales and manufacturing divisions. Transfer pricing is based on standard cos... अधिक

Bridgeton Industries was experiencing reduced sales. To become more competitive it introduced a classification procedure for products based upon their productivity and other factors. Products were classified into three groups: world class, potentially world class, and non-world class. The firm outso... अधिक

The company has excess capacity. The case explores the various issues surrounding accounting for the cost of capacity. Several definitions of capacity can be discussed and accounted for.... अधिक

Managers in companies selling multiple products are making strategic decisions about pricing and product mix with distorted cost information, detecting the problem only after their competitiveness and profitability have deteriorated. An alternative is activity-based costing. Virtually all of a compa... अधिक

In the past, companies took a cost-plus approach to pricing, charging high prices when a product was first released, then lowering prices when production was scaled up. Lean competitors make that approach impossible, however, as they are quick to introduce competitive "me too" products to market. To... अधिक

Explores the obsolescence of a cost system when technology changes. In particular, it asks students to increase the number of cost center and allocation bases. The firm moves from a one-center, direct labor-hour system to a three-center, direct labor-hour and machine-hour systems.... अधिक

Worldwide Destinations: The Geography of Travel and Tourism is a unique text that explores the demand, supply, organisational aspects and resources of every tourism destination in the world. This fifth edition is brought up to date with key features such as: an exploration of current issues such a... अधिक

Worldwide Destinations: The Geography of Travel and Tourism is a unique text that explores tourism demand, supply, organisation and resources for every country worldwide. The eighth edition is brought up to date with features such as: An exploration of current issues such as climate change, ove... अधिक

Worldwide Destinations: The Geography of Travel and Tourism is a unique text that explores tourism demand, supply, organisation and resources for a comprehensive range of destinations and every country worldwide. The seventh edition is brought up to date with features such as: An exploration of cur... अधिक